Technical requirements and manuscript formatting:

Preferred file format: Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx).

- Layout: legible font; standard margins (2.5 cm); 1.5 line spacing; page numbering; in accordance with editorial standards.

· Length:

- Scientific article: up to approx. 25 pages of typescript (approx. 1,800 characters per page)

- Research report: up to 20 pages

- Discussions/materials: up to 10 pages

- Reviews/comments: up to 3 pages

· Abstract: max. 200–250 words, structured (introduction, methods, results and conclusions) with 3–5 keywords.

Attachments: Tables and figures should be attached in an editable format, and source data should be made available in accordance with the principle of transparency.

Article structure:

1. Title page:

- Title (in Polish and English)

- Name and surname of the author(s)

- Academic degree

- Affiliation

- E-mail addresses

- ORCID (if available)

- Brief assignment of the corresponding author

2. Abstract and Keywords: A structured abstract of 200–250 words and 3–5 keywords.

3. Introduction: justification of the research problem, literature review, and research objectives and questions/hypotheses.

4. Methods: Description of the research methods, samples, measurement tools, analytical procedures and ethical information (e.g. committee approval, participant consent).

5. Results: clear presentation of the results, with tables and figures outside the main text and references within it.

6. Conclusions: a brief summary of the practical and substantive implications of the research.

7. Declarations: Information on conflicts of interest and funding, as well as a statement on data availability.

8. Bibliography: a complete list of cited sources (see point b for details).

The following references are employed:

The style utilised is that of the footnote and bibliography system, incorporating both footnotes and an end bibliography.

1. The following discourse will elucidate the most appropriate citation method for utilisation in the text, i.e. the footnote.

1. Footnotes should be used for citations within the text.

2. The initial footnote for a given item should comprise a comprehensive bibliographic description, as demonstrated in the following examples.

3. When referring to the same item again, abbreviated forms may be used:

4. Id. The utilisation of the term 'Id.,' in conjunction with the page number, signifies the repetition of the same item and author in the subsequent footnote. To illustrate this convention, the citation 'Id., p. 23' is employed, where 'Id.' denotes 'the same author,' and 'p. 23' designates the page number on which the author's text can be found.

5. op. cit. The use of page numbers is recommended when referring to a previously cited item by the same author, but other items appear between the references. For example, the reference 'K. Kowalski, Title, op. cit., p. 120' should be used.

6. In the footnote, please indicate the page(s) to which you are referring, using the following format: e.g., "p. 45" or "pp. 45–47."

2. The final bibliography, i.e. the list of sources, is provided below.

1. It is imperative that a complete bibliography containing all items cited in the footnotes be included at the conclusion of the article.

2. The arrangement of the bibliography should be in alphabetical order, with the last name of the author being the primary sorting criterion.

3. It is imperative that each bibliographic entry comprises the following elements: the author's initial(s) and surname, the title of the work, the publisher (or the name of the journal if applicable), the place of publication, and the year of publication. In the event that the entry is a book, the page numbers should also be included. In the event of its availability, the DOI should be provided.

The following additional editorial guidelines are provided for your reference:

1. It is imperative that book and journal titles are written in italics, whilst the titles of articles and chapters must be written in quotation marks.

2. In the bibliography, it is imperative to employ initials (omitting the period after the initial, in accordance with the journal's established format) or to adhere to the prevailing editorial style. Uniformity in style is paramount.

3. In the event of the source being assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), it is requisite that this is provided at the conclusion of the bibliographic entry.

4. In the first footnote to a given item, a full description is provided; for repetitions, the abbreviations 'Id.' or 'op. cit.' are used, along with the page number, in accordance with the aforementioned rules.

5. In matters of language and transliteration, it is imperative to employ the full complement of Polish diacritical marks. When citing materials in a foreign language, it is essential to maintain the original form of the title and names.

6. The responsibility for ensuring that the bibliography is consistently formatted and that there is consistency between citations in the text and the list of references lies with the author.

Statement for authors [download]

Article template [download]

Upon acceptance of an article, authors retain copyright and grant the publisher (WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza) the right of first publication, as well as the right to distribute and archive the published work.

The journal publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence permits others to download and share the work with appropriate attribution to the author and the journal, provided that the work is not used for commercial purposes and is not modified.

The open access policy is clearly defined and does not involve any publication or processing fees for authors.

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.