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CYBERSECURITY AS A KEY ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY
AN ANALYSIS OF THREATS AND DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN THE 21st CENTURY
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the key role of cybersecurity in ensuring national
security in the 21st century. First, the theoretical foundations of cybersecurity and the
current legal framework are presented, with particular emphasis on the Polish national
cybersecurity system and EU regulations, such as the NIS and NIS 2 directives. Next,
the main cyber threats to the state are identified and discussed, including attacks on
critical infrastructure, ransomware threats, disinformation activities, and organizational
gaps and human error. The article provides a detailed analysis of cyber threat
defense strategies, emphasizing the importance of synergy between the public and private
sectors and the services responsible for security. The methodology used includes
an analysis of scientific literature, legal acts, strategic documents, and reports from
CERT/CSIRT teams. The conclusions of the analysis point to the need for a holistic
approach to cybersecurity, integrating political, legal, technical, and educational measures,
which is a prerequisite for effectively countering growing cyber threats.
Keywords:
cybersecurity, national security, critical infrastructure, cyber threats, defense strategiesDetails
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
